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Magic methods in PHP are special methods that start with a double underscore (__) and provide functionality for certain operations and behaviors within classes. These methods are automatically invoked by PHP under specific circumstances.

Here are some commonly used magic methods in PHP:

1. __construct(): This method is called automatically when an object is created from a class. It is used for initializing object properties and performing setup tasks.

Example:
php
class MyClass {
public function __construct() {
echo "Object created.";
}
}

$obj = new MyClass(); // Output: Object created.


2. __destruct(): This method is automatically called when an object is no longer referenced or explicitly destroyed. It can be used to perform cleanup operations before the object is destroyed.

Example:
php
class MyClass {
public function __destruct() {
echo "Object destroyed.";
}
}

$obj = new MyClass(); // Output: (no output)
unset($obj); // Output: Object destroyed.


3. __get() and __set(): These methods are invoked when accessing or modifying inaccessible or undeclared properties of an object, respectively. They allow you to control the behavior of property access.

Example:
php
class MyClass {
private $data = [];

public function __get($name) {
return isset($this->data[$name]) ? $this->data[$name] : null;
}

public function __set($name, $value) {
$this->data[$name] = $value;
}
}

$obj = new MyClass();
$obj->property = "Value";
echo $obj->property; // Output: Value


These are just a few examples of magic methods in PHP. There are several others like __call(), __toString(), __isset(), etc., each serving a specific purpose to enhance the flexibility and functionality of PHP classes.